Archive for the ‘Textbook Industry’ category

2012 Joint Mathematics Meeting

January 13th, 2012

Last week the team from the Worldwide Center of Mathematics attended the 2012 Joint Mathematics Meeting (JMM) at Hynes Convention Center in Boston. The JMM is the largest annual mathematics meeting in the world with participants ranging from students to leading researchers in mathematics as well as innovators in the field of mathematical education programs. This year the JMM had approximately 7,000 attendees; a new record. We received a larger response than ever by faculty and students looking for affordable and open source textbooks, as well as free online resources.

The Social DRM Evolution for eBooks

June 28th, 2011
Recently, J K Rowling launched the Pottermore online reading experience that will sell Digital Rights Management (DRM)-free eBooks of the series for the first time. Although devices such as Amazon’s Kindle and Apple’s iPad lock downloads to their respective platforms to prevent illegal sharing and copying, J K Rowling will be the first author of many to take this open and unprecedented approach. eBooks may soon be available to read on any device, changing the way publishers and the eBook industry conducts their business.

When it comes to textbooks, it is safe to assume that publishers who charge $200+ for their textbooks would not want their student purchasers to have the ability to share their digital textbooks (eTextbooks). With DRM, we can imagine these billion-dollar textbook publishers have only a few major options to protect their texts:

1. Restrict access. To control the use of the eTextbook, publishers could employ a licensing server that locks the use to a specific PC or Mac computer. However, in a student environment, when studying or homework can be done on an iPad, laptop, library computer or even an iPhone- this may limit the usage on college campuses for students.

2. Password Protect. Although passwords can be issued through programs like SharePoint, there are just as many if not more software packages, like PDF Unlocker, which allow users to break into locked the documents. However, if they have the money and the resources to create a non-standard DRM system, they may be successful.

3. Lock digital rights. When offering eTextbooks publishers could secure the digital rights to USB drives or other medias and will therefore charge the same amount or more than their current printed textbooks justified by the cost of the large storage space.

As opposed to the alternatives above, the Pottermore online reading experience is watermarking each eBook at the time of purchase with the identity of the person who purchased the eBook. “While strict DRM ensures that you are the rights holder before you can access the content, digital watermarking (sometimes known as social DRM) simply associates the file to the purchaser. This means that e-Books can be used across any platform, but if they are uploaded to file-sharing websites, the copyright holder should be able to tell which purchaser was responsible (although any file-sharer worth their salt would know how to remove such a watermark),” said Wired.co.uk. They say this is so authorities can track down the “sharer” of the ebook, but it prevents the purchaser from sharing the eBook with someone who did not pay for it by effectively shaming him or her for his or her illegal behavior (although, people often lend out printed books to friends, and they are not often thought of as book pirates.) This watermark strategy challenges the purchaser removes the anonymity of illegal sharing, and pressures him or her to “do the right thing.”

This evolution of eBook and eTextbook can also be compared to consumer purchasing in the music industry. Although there are several free music-sharing, platforms, there are now over 75 million accounts on iTunes linked to credit cards. Obviously people, somewhere, are choosing to purchase their music as opposed to stealing it digitally. Our conclusion is that if the purchaser can justify the 99 cents it costs to buy a song, they will also justify a reasonable price for an eBook or eTextbook and choose to purchase it instead of steal it.

The Center of Math is looking to discover new and innovative ways to release our eTextbooks in a fully functional, fully interactive and DRM-free way. Therefore, we believe if we charge an affordable and reasonable price for our eTextbooks and grant students free-use of the download (as if they purchased the hard-copy text at the bookstore) they will justify this purchase and choose not to share infringe on the copyright.

But just a thought… if these eTextbooks were to be openly shared with the world and math was made available to anyone and everyone, would that be so bad? We don’t think so.

Question for the Math World: Do you think that eBooks should be DRM-free?

Sources:
http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2081247/rowling-unveils-pottermore-drm-free-harry-potter-ebooks
http://techcrunch.com/2009/01/06/itunes-sells-6-billion-songs-and-other-fun-stats-from-the-philnote/
http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-06/23/harry-potter-e-books-drm

Another Reason Why Your Textbooks Cost So Much: Inefficient Government Bureaucracy

April 28th, 2011

It is no secret that the cost of elementary, secondary, and higher education in the US has risen rapidly since 1980. Pundits point to a variety of different sources that contribute to these increases in cost, but scarcely is the finger ever pointed at the bloated bureaucracy surrounding the education system. Over the course of the past two weeks, we have gotten to experience this bloated, inefficient bureaucracy for the first time.

The digital textbooks we offer have begun to attract some attention within the high school and college markets due to their high quality, multimedia approach to learning and their affordability. On April 8, we had someone from the Virginia Beach City Public  Schools (VBCPS)  reach out to us and say that they would love to check out the books. In order to be considered for adoption, we had to submit a request for proposal (RFP) to their procurement department, which did not seem unreasonable; however, this is where the fun began.
Assuming that the procurement office would have the RFP on hand for potential proposers, we reached out to this office to ask how one obtained a copy of the RFP. It turns out that just to be granted permission to read the RFP, one has to pay $10 to a government contractor (DemandStar Onvia) whose only function it seems is to host static PDF documents on a server for download. While $10 is a trivial amount of money, the fact that a government contractor exists simply to fulfill this role is slightly ridiculous.

After obtaining and reading the RFP, a significant amount of information was requested, but not so much as was unreasonable; it would make sense that a school district would want to know all of the credentials of an organization creating books to educate their children. However, several stipulations regarding the preparation and delivery of the RFP were some of the most inefficient and wasteful directions we had ever read. According to the RFP, six printed copies of the proposal had to be submitted to the procurement office via traditional mail as well as an electronic copy either via email or on a DVD with the 6 printed copies. Why, in what is the Internet age, would any government office request that an organization print out and waste over one hundred pieces of paper when the exact same information could be relayed via a PDF attached to an email also puzzled us. The package of printed copies also  had to be delivered to the procurement office by 3pm on April 14 or it would not be considered.

We complied with all of these guidelines and shipped our proposal package with an electronic copy on DVD at 8am on April 12 via USPS with delivery confirmation. We also submitted a PDF version of the proposal via email as a precautionary measure. According to USPS, our package arrived at the VBCPS building at 9:05am the morning of April 14, roughly 6 hours before the deadline for the RFP. When following up with the procurement office though, our proposal did not get delivered from the VBCPS mailroom to the procurement office until April 15 at 10:22am, which disqualified us from being considered for adoption.

As we had complied with all of the guidelines of the RFP and the proposal had been delivered to the physical office of the VBCPS, we assumed it was just a misunderstanding that would be rectified with a phone call. Instead we were told by the procurement office that there was nothing they could do and the decision would stand. The representative from the VBCPS told us that even if the package had arrived three days before and never made it to the procurement office by 3pm on April 14, it was not their problem (he admitted this had happened in the past). Instead, he decided to blame us for submitting our proposal so close to the deadline (which he does have a point about), even though we only became aware of the need for textbooks only 5 days before.

This whole scenario is definitely disheartening on a number of levels. First, everyone knows that traditional textbooks are massively expensive and now the VBCPS students are being deprived of even the opportunity to have considered for their use a high-quality, very low-priced, more functional, modern textbook. Second, and more importantly, it makes us wonder how many times every year smaller organizations that are actually trying to improve education (vs the major publishers who clearly are more concerned with their profit margins) are shut out of processes like these due to incompetent bureaucrats.

Other Great Education Organizations

December 27th, 2010

As the end of the year comes near, we at the Worldwide Center of Mathematics thought it would be good to highlight some of the other great education organizations we have gotten to know over the course of the past year and give them some recognition in the blog. I encourage you to go check out each of their respective websites and learn more about these organizations.

Bookshare.org (bookshare.org)

The mission of BookShare is to make the world of print available to those with disabilities. People with print disabilities deserve to enjoy reading as much as all other readers. Yet, currently fewer than five percent of the books needed by people with print disabilities are available in accessible formats such as digital text or digital Braille. Bookshare’s goal is to raise the floor of access so that people with print disabilities can obtain a broad spectrum of print materials at the same time as everyone else.

Eleven Learning (elevenlearning.com)

Eleven Learning works together with the academic community to make better college textbooks. Our books are more relevant, more up-to-date, and less expensive. Our product offerings, currently in beta, include a web-based textbook reading interface and a community for textbook authors and educators.

Equalis (equalis.com)

Equalis is the innovative on-line destination for the mathematics community. It provides the most vibrant and far reaching math-centric community on the internet, enabling the free flow of ideas, cutting-edge research, open source software, problem solving, open innovation and job opportunities for individuals and organizations with a common interest in math and math-centric endeavors.

Firehoze (firehoze.com)

Firehoze provides short, targeted video lessons designed to supplement learning activities — whether you’re in or out of the classroom. Not only that, it provides you the community where you can establish a study group, share notes, etc. It is a 24/7 resource center to help you understand your classes and achieve better grades.

Global Text Project (globaltext.terry.uga.edu)

The Global Text Project will create open content electronic textbooks that will be freely available from a website. Distribution will also be possible via paper, CD, or DVD. Our goal initially is to focus on content development and Web distribution, and we will work with relevant authorities to facilitate dissemination by other means when bandwidth is unavailable or inadequate. The goal is to make textbooks available to the many who cannot afford them

ProctorCam (proctorcam.com)

ProctorCam is a virtual online proctoring service offered to test takers and organizations that require proctored tests. Test takers no longer have to drive to a proctored site or use unfamiliar equipment. ProctorCam provides organizations the ability for test takers to take their exams using their own equipment, at their convenience and at their chosen location.

Veritas Tutors (veritutors.com)

Veritas Tutors is a full-service education consultancy specializing in test preparation, admissions consultation, and subject tutoring for students of all ages.  We provide instruction in our beautiful center in Harvard Square, in your Greater Boston home, or anywhere in the world through our cutting-edge online tutoring platform.

Conference Exhibiting: Small Companies Will Struggle to Succeed

November 30th, 2010

Being that we are a startup and trying to reduce costs in education, we are always trying to find ways to conserve money, as our savings flow directly into the pockets of students. Over the course of the past four months, we have exhibited at two of the major, annual math conferences in the US: MathFest and the AMATYC conference; what we have discovered is that it is very hard to exhibit at any conference on a tight budget. This puts small companies like us at a distinct disadvantage versus the larger corporations (Pearson, Wiley, Cengage, etc.) because these conferences are some of the best places to create awareness among faculty for your products and services. Below is a sample of what it cost us versus what it cost Pearson (estimated) at the most recent AMATYC conference in Boston, keeping in mind that we did to travel to attend and as such, we did not include that in the calculation.

Cost

WWCoM

Pearson

Booth Cost1

$600

$11,000

Table/Chair Rental2

$177

$4,000

Power Adapter3

$75

$375

Promotional Materials*

$50

$2,000

Wireless Internet Access4

$0

$3,600

Literature Rack5

$0

$378

Colored Carpet6

$0

$567

Shipping7

$0

$1,000

Free Giveaways*

$0

$3,000

Total
$902
$25,420

Obviously, Pearson was at AMATYC to exhibit more than just two books (as we were), but that being said, every time an extra booth is purchased or a free-t-shirt is given away, that is money that could be saved on behalf of the students. It is just something that we here at the Center thought people should be made aware of the next time they attend a conference.

1 Our first-time exhibitor booth cost $600 and Pearson bought 10 $1,100 booths for their display
2 Our table cost us $177 for a 3 day rental after taxes and I assumed Pearson had about 20 tables for their display at $200 a piece
3 Industrial-to-conventional power adapters cost $75 for a 3-day rental
4 Wireless internet cost $300 per day per access code granted by the hotel
5 Literature racks costs $126 per day for a 3-day rental
6 Pearson had changed the carpet to color-coordinate their booth, which was 8’ X 30’
7 Shipping cost $125 per 100 lbs so I assumed Pearson had about 400 lbs of equipment
* Pearson had many of free giveaways including T-shirts, keychains, lanyards as well as many promotional materials so these numbers are estimated at the best of my ability

Advances in Technology Making Waves for Digital Textbooks

August 30th, 2010

Before digital textbooks can achieve widespread adoption, improvements need to be made in every area related to the product, from the readers/tablets used to view the digital books to the level of interactivity that students experience.  Here are some recent developments that will influence the adoption of digital textbooks:

eReader/Tablets

One of the biggest hurdles for digital textbooks has been a lack of devices that give students the same kind of usability that printed textbooks offer: the ability to highlight, the ability to annotate, and true durability.  With Apple’s recent release of the iPad, some of these issues have been addressed and hopefully as these products evolve, all of these issues surrounding digital textbooks will be solved. Listed below are some of the eReaders/Tablets that have been released as well as some new ones that are on the horizon:

Already Released

iPad
Kindle DX
Nook
Entourage Edge

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Announced/Rumored

Samsung Galaxy Tablet
HP Tablet
Google Tablet
Interactivity

As the “digital age” has evolved, the way we consume information has changed. We now receive our information from a variety of different sources and in a variety of different formats. This evolution has had a profound impact on the way the younger generations learn and consequently, as digital textbooks achieve higher adoption rates, companies should be thinking of ways to make them more effective for students by creating new avenues in which they can learn. Listed below are some companies that have recently begun to develop innovative ways to give students more learning options in a variety of different digital formats:

Inkling
WebAssign
CrocoDoc
Affordability

In theory, the price of digital textbooks should be lower because they do not require the overhead that printed textbooks require to produce (manufacturing plants, warehousing, shipping, etc.); however, that is currently not the case with most of digital textbooks that are available. The traditional major publishers have yet to devise a new business model to make textbooks more affordable, and instead are clinging to their old ways rather than trying to innovate. Listed below are some startup publishers who are trying to promote new business models that would create more affordable textbooks for students:

Worldwide Center of Mathematics
Flat World Knowledge
Textbook Media
BookBoon
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The Student Debt Problem in America & the True Cost of Textbooks

June 14th, 2010

Recent college graduates are facing one of the most difficult times that any generation has had to overcome to begin their careers. Many of these graduates have incurred tens of thousands of dollars in student loan debt throughout their academic careers and with the state of the job market, many are finding it very hard to service this debt.  The national average for loans incurred by college graduates in 2010 is $23,000, and this number does not account for any additional credit card or other personal debt. It has been estimated that 2 out of every 3 college students takes out some form of loan in order to finance their education, and the total amount borrowed per year in the US is upwards of $15 billion.

One might question why these graduates have incurred so much debt, and it is directly related to the rapidly increasing cost of college tuition. The chart below illustrates that between 1978 and 2008, the cost of college tuition at private universities increased at more than three times the rate of inflation, and in fact increased more than even the cost of healthcare in the US, which is another industry that has had widely publicized price increases.

One factor that is fast becoming one of the most expensive costs associated with college is the price of textbooks. As we have covered previously, the average student spends $900 per semester on textbooks, which translates into $7,200 over the course of that student’s college career. We want to examine how much the average college graduate would have to pay assuming they took out a Stafford loan for $7,200 for the traditional ten years for all of their textbooks.

Over the course of the ten years, a graduate would pay almost $2,750 in interest to cover the cost of the books they purchased in college; that is $2,750 that they would not be able to invest for their own future, whether it would be saving for retirement, putting towards a house, etc.  Considering the rapidly rising cost of tuition and fees, don’t you think it’s time we considered at least one way to help reduce the cost of education for students by reducing the cost of textbooks?

Sources:
The College Board “Trends in College Pricing”
New York Times “How Much Student Debt is Too Much”
USA Today “Young People Struggling with the Kiss of Debt”
Student PIRGs

The State of the Textbook Industry: Facts and Figures

June 8th, 2010

The State of the Textbook Industry

Sources:
CafeScribe
Conservatree.org
Green America
National Center for Education Statistics
Student Monitor
Student PIRGs
The Epoch Times
US Department of Education
US Government Accountability Office